You're preparing for your trip to Kyrgyzstan and still torn between your poncho and fleece jacket? Here's a non-exhaustive list of essentials to pack:

• Opt for a travel backpack (especially if you're heading out on a trek), as it's easier to transport on pack horses or by porters.
• Bring a smaller daypack for your belongings during the day;
• Breathable underwear that dries quickly;
• City outfit (optional);
• Lightweight clothing and warm layers—temperature swings can be dramatic depending on climate, altitude, and time of day;
• Fleece jacket, windproof shell jacket (Polartec or Windpro style);
• Comfortable pants (trekking style) for hiking and horseback riding;
• High socks and thermal leggings, just in case, especially in May and September;
• Waterproof, grip-soled hiking boots with ankle support that feel comfortable—avoid new shoes that might raise blisters;
• A beanie and scarf in case of sudden cold snaps (except June 10–August 20);
• Gloves, especially if you'll be horseback riding;
• Waterproof jacket (K-Way or Gore-tex style). Avoid ponchos and other loose rain gear that could startle horses if you're riding;
• Scarf or bandana-style cloth to protect against sun and dust, or a hat or cap;
• Sunglasses with UV protection (SPF 3 minimum);
• Liner bag for inside your sleeping bag;
• Soap, shampoo, biodegradable laundry detergent, and a bath towel;
• Wet wipes and no-rinse antibacterial gel to feel fresher;
• Notebook and pencil;
• Spare batteries for cameras, or a solar charger;
• Camera protection—dust is everywhere;
• Small packets of tissues;
• Pocket knife or Swiss Army knife, lighter, thread and needle, handy for everything;
• Garbage bags to line your travel bag and keep your belongings protected from unexpected showers;
• Headlamp (more practical than traditional flashlights);
• Water bottle for horseback treks.

For multi-day horseback treks, you'll likely want to add:

• Riding boots
• Riding pants
• Sheepskin pad for your saddle (optional)